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What are the defining features of a phobia?
Jan 22, 2024
What are the defining features of a phobia?
Answer
The defining features of a phobia include a persistent and excessive fear of an object or situation, immediate anxiety response upon exposure to the feared stimulus, recognition that the fear is irrational or excessive, avoidance or enduring the situation with intense fear, and significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning.
Key Concept
Persistent and Excessive Fear
Explanation
A phobia is characterized by a long-lasting and overwhelming fear of a specific object or situation that is out of proportion to the actual danger posed.
Key Concept
Immediate Anxiety Response
Explanation
Upon encountering the phobic stimulus, the individual experiences an immediate and intense anxiety reaction, which can include symptoms such as palpitations, sweating, and trembling.
Key Concept
Avoidance Behavior
Explanation
Individuals with phobias often go to great lengths to avoid the feared object or situation, which can interfere with daily life and functioning.
Key Concept
Recognition of Irrational Fear
Explanation
Despite the intense fear, individuals with phobias typically understand that their fear is excessive or unreasonable, which differentiates phobias from delusions or psychotic disorders.
Key Concept
Distress or Impairment
Explanation
The fear, anxiety, or avoidance associated with the phobia causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Write one hundred questions to test somebody's general knowledge of educational psychology
Answer
What is the difference between formative and summative assessment in educational psychology?
Key Concept
Assessment Types
Explanation
Formative assessment is used to monitor student learning and provide ongoing feedback, while summative assessment evaluates student learning at the end of an instructional period.
Answer
How does the zone of proximal development (ZPD) theory apply to classroom learning?
Key Concept
ZPD and Scaffolding
Explanation
ZPD refers to the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner. It is applied in the classroom through scaffolding, which is the support given during the learning process.
Answer
What are the main components of Bandura's social learning theory?
Key Concept
Social Learning Theory
Explanation
The main components are observation, imitation, and modeling. Bandura emphasized that learning occurs through observing others and then modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others.
Answer
How does intrinsic motivation differ from extrinsic motivation in the context of student learning?
Key Concept
Types of Motivation
Explanation
Intrinsic motivation comes from within the student, driven by interest or enjoyment in the task itself, while extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards or pressures.
Answer
What role does self-efficacy play in a student's learning process?
Key Concept
Self-Efficacy
Explanation
Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations. It can influence a student's motivation, learning, and performance.
Answer
How do Piaget's stages of cognitive development apply to education?
Key Concept
Cognitive Development Stages
Explanation
Piaget's theory suggests that children move through four stages of mental development, and this framework helps educators understand and predict the types of learning activities that are most appropriate for students at different ages.
Answer
What is the role of working memory in the learning process?
Key Concept
Working Memory
Explanation
Working memory is responsible for temporarily holding information available for processing, which is essential for reasoning, learning, and comprehension.
Answer
How can teachers apply Vygotsky's concept of scaffolding to support student learning?
Key Concept
Scaffolding in Education
Explanation
Teachers can provide temporary support to students to help them achieve a task within their ZPD until they can perform it independently.
Answer
What is metacognition and how can it be fostered in students?
Key Concept
Metacognition
Explanation
Metacognition is the awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. It can be fostered by teaching students strategies for planning, monitoring, and evaluating their learning.
Answer
How does Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences influence teaching strategies?
Key Concept
Multiple Intelligences
Explanation
Gardner's theory suggests that there are various forms of intelligence, and recognizing these can help educators tailor their teaching strategies to accommodate different learning styles.
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