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53. For extinction to occur, which of the following
49. A student's test score ...
May 5, 2024
D
Key Concept
Percentile Scores
Explanation
A score at the 42nd percentile means the student scored the same as or higher than 42 percent of her fellow students.
E
Key Concept
Brain Function and Glucose Metabolism
Explanation
Positron emission tomography (PET) provides information about brain function by monitoring glucose metabolism.
E
Key Concept
Serial Position Effect
Explanation
The tendency to recall the first and last items in a series is known as the serial position effect.
E
Key Concept
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Explanation
Carol Gilligan's critique focuses on differences between males and females in the course of moral development.
D
Key Concept
Classical Conditioning and Extinction
Explanation
For extinction to occur in classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus must be presented without the unconditioned stimulus, leading to a loss of the conditioned response.
C
Key Concept
Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
Explanation
This phenomenon involves gaining compliance with a small request as a step toward gaining compliance with a larger request, as illustrated by Sutan's behavior.
D
Key Concept
Stimulus Generalization
Explanation
The child demonstrates stimulus generalization by applying the learned category of tableware to similar items like forks and knives.
A
Key Concept
Behaviorism
Explanation
John B. Watson is best known as the founder of behaviorism, a theory of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and disregards internal mental states.
A
Key Concept
Contingency
Explanation
Robert Rescorla's contingency model of classical conditioning states that conditioning occurs only when one event reliably predicts another, emphasizing the importance of the predictive relationship between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.
A
Key Concept
Behaviorism
Explanation
John B. Watson is best known as the founder of behaviorism, a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.
E
Key Concept
Ethical Codes
Explanation
The American Psychological Association has developed codes of ethics for research with both human participants and animal subjects.
E
Key Concept
Photoreceptors and Ganglion Cells
Explanation
Photoreceptors relay visual information to the brain through bipolar cells and then ganglion cells.
A
Key Concept
Bipolar Disorder and Lithium
Explanation
Lithium carbonate has been useful in some instances in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
C
Key Concept
Babbling
Explanation
Babbling is an example of a prelinguistic event where infants produce sounds that precede the development of language.
D
Key Concept
Decrease Administration Time
Explanation
Decreasing the amount of time needed to administer the test is not a reason for requiring clearly specified procedures for the administration and scoring of assessment measures.
B
Key Concept
Predictive Validity
Explanation
Predictive validity is established by demonstrating that there is a correlation between scores on a test and later academic performance.
A
Key Concept
Contingency Model of Classical Conditioning
Explanation
Robert Rescorla's contingency model states that conditioning occurs only when one event reliably predicts another.
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