Here are the Relational Algebra (RA) expressions for each of the SQL statements you provided:
1. ALTER TABLE PRODUCT ADD STOCK_QUANTITY NUMBER This is a DDL (Data Definition Language) statement and does not have a direct equivalent in Relational Algebra.
2. πP.PRODUCT_NAME(σS.SUPPLIER_ID=′S_04′(PRODUCT⋈SUPPLY))
3. πPRODUCT_NAME(σPRODUCT_ID∈(πPRODUCT_ID(σSUPPLIER_ID=′S_04′(SUPPLY)))(PRODUCT))
4. πSUPPLIER_NAME(σSUPPLIER_NAME LIKE ′S%′(SUPPLIER))
5. \gamma_{COUNT(SUPPLIER\_ID) \rightarrow "NUMBER OF SUPPLIERS FROM SELANGOR"} (\sigma_{SUPPLIER\_LOCATION='SELANGOR'} (SUPPLIER))
6. \gamma_{COUNT(PRODUCT\_ID) \rightarrow "NUMBER OF PRODUCT SUPPLY IN JAN"} (\sigma_{SUPPLY\_DATE \geq '1/1/2024' \land SUPPLY\_DATE \leq '1/31/2024'} (SUPPLY))
7. \gamma_{SUPPLIER\_NAME, COUNT(SUPPLIER\_ID) \rightarrow "TOTAL SUPPLIED"} (\sigma_{COUNT(SUPPLIER\_ID) > 2} (SUPPLIER \bowtie SUPPLY))
8. \pi_{S.SUPPLY\_DATE \rightarrow "DATE", SP.SUPPLIER\_LOCATION \rightarrow "LOCATION"} (\sigma_{P.PRODUCT\_NAME='DURIAN'} (PRODUCT \bowtie SUPPLIER \bowtie SUPPLY))
9. \gamma_{PRODUCT\_TYPE \rightarrow "PRODUCT", SUM(PRICE) \rightarrow "TOTAL PRICE"} (PRODUCT)
10. \gamma_{PRODUCT\_TYPE \rightarrow "PRODUCT", MIN(STOCK\_QUANTITY) \rightarrow "MINIMUM QUANTITY"} (PRODUCT)
11. \pi_{P.PRODUCT\_NAME \rightarrow "PRODUCT NAME", P.PRICE} (\sigma_{SP.SUPPLIER\_LOCATION='SELANGOR'} (PRODUCT \bowtie SUPPLY \bowtie SUPPLIER))
12. \gamma_{AVG(STOCK\_QUANTITY) \rightarrow "AVERAGE QUANTITY"} (PRODUCT)
13. \pi_{P.PRODUCT\_ID \rightarrow "PRODUCT ID", P.PRODUCT\_NAME \rightarrow "PRODUCT NAME"} (\sigma_{P.PRODUCT\_ID \notin (\pi_{S.PRODUCT\_ID} (SUPPLY))} (PRODUCT))
14. \gamma_{SP.SUPPLIER\_NAME \rightarrow "NAME", COUNT(S.SUPPLIER\_ID) \rightarrow "NUMBER OF TIMES SUPPLIED"} (\sigma_{SP.SUPPLIER\_LOCATION='JOHOR' \land S.SUPPLY\_DATE \geq '1/1/2023' \land S.SUPPLY\_DATE \leq '12/31/2023'} (SUPPLIER \bowtie SUPPLY))
15. \pi_{PRODUCT\_ID, PRODUCT\_NAME, PRODUCT\_TYPE, PRICE, STOCK\_QUANTITY, (STOCK\_QUANTITY - (\pi_{STOCK\_QUANTITY} (\sigma_{PRODUCT\_NAME='ORANGE'} (PRODUCT)))) \rightarrow "STOCK DIFFERENCE"} (\sigma_{STOCK\_QUANTITY > (\pi_{STOCK\_QUANTITY} (\sigma_{PRODUCT\_NAME='ORANGE'} (PRODUCT)))} (PRODUCT))
16. \gamma_{SP.SUPPLIER\_NAME, SUM(P.STOCK\_QUANTITY) \rightarrow "QUANTITY", COUNT(SP.SUPPLIER\_ID) \rightarrow "NUMBER OF PRODUCT"} (\sigma_{P.STOCK\_QUANTITY > 20} (SUPPLIER \bowtie SUPPLY \bowtie PRODUCT))