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某溶液可能含有 $\mathrm{Cl}^{-} 、 \mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-} 、 \mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-} 、 \mathrm...
Mar 19, 2024
某溶液可能含有 ClSO42CO32NH4+Fe3+Al3+\mathrm{Cl}^{-} 、 \mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-} 、 \mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-} 、 \mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+} 、 \mathrm{Fe}^{3+} 、 \mathrm{Al}^{3+}K+\mathrm{K}^{+}。取该溶液 100 mL100 \mathrm{~mL} ,加入过量 NaOH\mathrm{NaOH} 溶液,加热,得到 0.02 mol0.02 \mathrm{~mol}气体,同时产生红褐色沉淀;过滤,洗涤,灼烧,得到 1.6 g1.6 \mathrm{~g} 固体;向上述滤液中加足量 BaCl2\mathrm{BaCl}_{2} 溶液,得到 4.66 g4.66 \mathrm{~g} 不溶于盐酸的沉淀。由此可知原溶液中() A. 至少存在 5 种离子 B. Cl\mathrm{Cl}^{-}一定存在, 且 c(Cl)0.4 molL1c\left(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\right) \geqslant 0.4 \mathrm{~mol} \cdot \mathrm{L}^{-1} C. SO42NH4+\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-} 、 \mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}一定存在, Cl\mathrm{Cl}^{-}可能不存在 D. CO32Al3+\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-} 、 \mathrm{Al}^{3+} 一定不存在, K+\mathrm{K}^{+}可能存在
C
Key Concept
Identification of ions through chemical reactions
Explanation
The production of 0.02 mol of gas upon the addition of NaOH and heating suggests the presence of NH4+\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}, as it decomposes to NH3\mathrm{NH}_3 gas and water. The red-brown precipitate indicates the presence of Fe3+\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}, as Fe(OH)3\mathrm{Fe(OH)}_3 is a red-brown solid. The formation of 4.66 g of a precipitate that is insoluble in hydrochloric acid upon the addition of BaCl2\mathrm{BaCl}_{2} indicates the presence of SO42\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}, as BaSO4\mathrm{BaSO}_{4} is insoluble in HCl. There is no direct evidence for the presence of Cl\mathrm{Cl}^{-}, CO32\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}, Al3+\mathrm{Al}^{3+}, or K+\mathrm{K}^{+} from the given reactions.
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