CALCU-Describe the polymerization for nylon 6,10.

Describe the polymerization for nylon 6,10. (2 points)

To describe the polymerization process for nylon 6,10, we need to understand that it is a type of condensation polymerization. Nylon 6,10 is formed from the polymerization of two monomers: hexamethylenediamine (a diamine) and sebacic acid (a dicarboxylic acid). 1. Monomers: - Hexamethylenediamine (H2N-(CH2)6-NH2) - Sebacic acid (HOOC-(CH2)8-COOH) 2. Polymerization Process: - The reaction involves the amine groups (-NH2) of hexamethylenediamine reacting with the carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) of sebacic acid. - During this reaction, water (H2O) is eliminated as a byproduct, which is characteristic of condensation polymerization. The overall reaction can be summarized as follows: n \, \text{H}_2\text{N}-(\text{CH}_2)_6-\text{NH}_2 + n \, \text{HOOC}-(\text{CH}_2)_8-\text{COOH} \rightarrow \text{[-NH-(\text{CH}_2)_6-NH-CO-(\text{CH}_2)_8-CO-]}_n + n \, \text{H}_2\text{O} 3. Structure: - The resulting polymer, nylon 6,10, consists of repeating units of the amide linkages formed between the diamine and dicarboxylic acid. This process results in a strong, durable synthetic polymer known for its applications in textiles, automotive parts, and various engineering materials.

尼龙6，10的合成反应方程式

尼龙6,10的合成反应方程式可以表示为以下的缩合反应：

\text{n H}_2\text{N}-(\text{CH}_2)_6-\text{NH}_2 + \text{n HOOC-(C}_8\text{H}_{16}\text{O}_2) \rightarrow \text{[Nylon 6,10]}_n + 2n \text{H}_2\text{O}

在这个反应中，六亚甲基二胺（H2N-(CH2)6-NH2）和癸二酸（HOOC-(C8H16O2)）通过缩合反应形成尼龙6,10，同时释放出水分子。这个过程是一个典型的缩聚反应，涉及到二胺和二酸的反应。

Which monomers (structures should be presented) are used for forming ABS? Is ABS amorphous or crystalline? Does ABS possess melting temperature? (2 points)

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) is a copolymer made from three monomers: 1. Acrylonitrile (AN): The structure of acrylonitrile is represented as:

\text{CH}_2=\text{C}(\text{CN})-\text{CH}_2

2. Butadiene (BD): The structure of butadiene is:

\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}-\text{CH}=\text{CH}_2

3. Styrene (S): The structure of styrene is:

\text{C}_6\text{H}_5-\text{CH}=\text{CH}_2

Properties of ABS: - Amorphous or Crystalline: ABS is primarily an amorphous polymer. This means it does not have a well-defined crystalline structure, which contributes to its toughness and impact resistance. - Melting Temperature: ABS does not have a true melting temperature like crystalline polymers. Instead, it has a glass transition temperature (Tg) around 100°C (212°F), where it transitions from a hard and glassy state to a more rubbery state. When heated, ABS will soften and flow rather than melt at a specific temperature. If you have any more questions or need further clarification, feel free to ask!

Does ABS possess melting temperature?

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) does not possess a true melting temperature like crystalline materials do. Instead, it has a glass transition temperature (Tg) and a processing temperature range. The glass transition temperature for ABS is typically around 100°C (212°F), which is the temperature at which the material transitions from a hard and glassy state to a more rubbery state. When heated above this temperature, ABS becomes softer and can be molded, but it does not melt in the same way that crystalline polymers do. If you have any more questions or need further clarification, feel free to ask

Calculate the number average, weight average relative molecular mass and polydispersity index for a sample of polystyrene made by blending eight separate fractions, each of which has a very narrow molecular mass distribution, as follows: (2 points) Relative molecular mass 10000 28000 38000 55000 87000 115000 135000 187000 Weight (g) 0.10 0.16 0.25 0.18 0.13 0.05 0.07 0.06

Solution by Steps

step 1

To calculate the average of the relative molecular masses, we use the formula for the mean:

\text{Average} = \frac{10000 + 28000 + 38000 + 55000 + 87000 + 115000 + 135000 + 187000}{8} = 81875

step 2

To calculate the weighted average relative molecular mass, we use the formula:

\text{Weighted Average} = \frac{(10000 \times 0.10) + (28000 \times 0.16) + (38000 \times 0.25) + (55000 \times 0.18) + (87000 \times 0.13) + (115000 \times 0.05) + (135000 \times 0.07) + (187000 \times 0.06)}{0.10 + 0.16 + 0.25 + 0.18 + 0.13 + 0.05 + 0.07 + 0.06}

step 3

Calculating the numerator:

= (1000 + 4480 + 9500 + 9900 + 11310 + 5750 + 9450 + 11220) = 50000

step 4

The denominator sums to:

0.10 + 0.16 + 0.25 + 0.18 + 0.13 + 0.05 + 0.07 + 0.06 = 1.00

step 5

Therefore, the weighted average is:

\text{Weighted Average} = \frac{50000}{1.00} = 50000

step 6

To calculate the polydispersity index (PDI), we use the formula:

\text{PDI} = \frac{\text{Weighted Average}}{\text{Average}} = \frac{50000}{81875} \approx 0.61

Answer

Average: 81875, Weighted Average: 50000, Polydispersity Index: 0.61

Key Concept

The average, weighted average, and polydispersity index are important metrics in characterizing the molecular mass distribution of polymers.

Explanation

The average provides a simple mean of the molecular masses, while the weighted average accounts for the proportion of each mass, and the polydispersity index indicates the distribution of molecular weights in the sample.

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