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Answer (a), (b), and (c), confining your response to the period 1491 to 1800. ...

Oct 11, 2023

*Question*Answer (a), (b), and (c), confining your response to the period 1491 to 1800. (a)Briefly describe ONE specific historical similarity between the impact of trade exchanges in the Atlantic economy on Africans and their impact on American Indians. (b)Briefly describe ONE specific historical difference between the impact of trade exchanges in the Atlantic economy on Africans and their impact on American Indians. (c)Briefly explain ONE specific historical effect of the Atlantic economy on the British colonies in North America.*Answer*(a)both groups were forced into forced labor, as in the Spanish mita and encomienda systems that coerced labor from American Indians and the employment of chattel slavery of Africans throughout the Atlantic coast and Caribbean islands. (b)Africans were uprooted from communities and transported across the ocean to become slaves, while displaced American Indians were typically forced off their traditional lands to regions farther west (c)the development of slave labor plantations in the southern colonies and West Indies; the migration and subsequent increase in population of European settlers as indentured servants or free laborers to participate in the colonial economic systems.

Grading Rubric

A successful short-answer response accomplishes all three tasks set forth by the prompt. Each part of the prompt is worth 1 point, for a total of 3 possible points. (a) To earn the point, the response must describe a significant historical similarity between the impact of trade exchanges in the Atlantic economy on Africans and American Indians. The response should provide a specific example of how both groups were affected by the Atlantic economy, such as the forced migration of Africans due to the slave trade and the displacement of American Indians due to European colonization. (b) To earn the point, the response must describe a significant historical difference between the impact of trade exchanges in the Atlantic economy on Africans and American Indians. The response should provide a specific example of how the experiences of these two groups differed, such as the enslavement of Africans for labor in the colonies versus the often violent displacement of American Indians from their lands. (c) To earn the point, the response must explain a specific historical effect of the Atlantic economy on the British colonies in North America. The response should provide a specific example of how the Atlantic economy influenced the development of the British colonies, such as the growth of cash crop economies in the southern colonies or the development of trade networks in the northern colonies.

Score earned

*&3/3&* The student's answer would receive a full 3 points according to the grading rubric. For part (a), the student correctly identifies a historical similarity between the impact of trade exchanges on Africans and American Indians, namely forced labor. For part (b), the student correctly identifies a historical difference between the impact of trade exchanges on Africans and American Indians, namely the displacement of these groups. For part (c), the student correctly explains a historical effect of the Atlantic economy on the British colonies in North America, namely the development of slave labor plantations and the migration of European settlers.

*Question*"None of Nature's landscapes are ugly so long as they are wild." John Muir, 1901 "I recognize the right and duty of this generation to develop and use the natural resources of our land; but I do not recognize the right to waste them. or to rob. by wasteful use. the generations that come after us." Former president Theodore Roosevelt, 1910 2. Using the excerpts, answer (a). (b). and (c). a) Briefly explain ONE implication for public policy of John Muir's view on land use. b) Briefly explain ONE way in which an implication for public policy of Theodore Roosevelt's view contrasts with the implication for public policy of Muir's view. c) Identify ONE specific example of land use policy in the United States from 1890 to 1945 and briefly explain how the example is consistent with the view of either Muir or Roosevelt. *Answer*alone implication ot Jonn Muir's view on and since use woul a ne government registran on me preservation of nature This might inclu I.e escivations, parks, and areas where man does nut win Nature's L and scapes b) The implication of Roosevelt view is different from mat of Muir's because Roosevelt stresse less on plessuanion, but Stresses conservation and using limited amounts of Natural resources In addinion Roosevelt's view supports government standards for the use of sawae resources C) The access clean Air and clean wate Act necpect N cleak more legulation on natrae resories This would support Roose Jeit's view of conservation of resources and me wasity of them.

Grading Rubric

A successful short-answer response accomplishes all three tasks set forth by the prompt. Each part of the prompt is worth 1 point, for a total of 3 possible points. (a) To earn the point, the response must explain one implication for public policy of John Muir's view on land use. The response should describe how Muir's belief in the inherent beauty of wild landscapes could influence policies to preserve and protect natural areas from development or exploitation. (b) To earn the point, the response must explain one way in which an implication for public policy of Theodore Roosevelt's view contrasts with the implication for public policy of Muir's view. The response should describe how Roosevelt's belief in the responsible use and development of natural resources could lead to policies that balance conservation with economic growth, in contrast to Muir's more preservationist stance. (c) To earn the point, the response must identify a specific example of land use policy in the United States from 1890 to 1945 and explain how the example is consistent with the view of either Muir or Roosevelt. Examples could include the establishment of national parks or forests, the passage of conservation laws, or the implementation of resource management practices. The response should provide reasoning or evidence to explain how the chosen example aligns with the views of either Muir or Roosevelt.

Score earned

*&2/3&* The student's answer would receive 2 out of 3 points according to the grading rubric. For part (a), the student does explain an implication of John Muir's view on land use policy, suggesting that it could lead to government regulations on the preservation of nature. This earns the student 1 point. For part (b), the student correctly contrasts Roosevelt's view with Muir's, noting that Roosevelt stressed conservation and responsible use of resources rather than strict preservation. This earns the student 1 point. For part (c), however, the student does not provide a specific example of a land use policy from the correct time period (1890-1945). The Clean Air and Clean Water Act, which the student mentions, were not enacted until the 1970s. Therefore, the student does not earn a point for this part of the question.

*Question*"None of Nature's landscapes are ugly so long as they are wild." John Muir, 1901 "I recognize the right and duty of this generation to develop and use the natural resources of our land; but I do not recognize the right to waste them. or to rob. by wasteful use. the generations that come after us." Former president Theodore Roosevelt, 1910 2. Using the excerpts, answer (a). (b). and (c). a) Briefly explain ONE implication for public policy of John Muir's view on land use. b) Briefly explain ONE way in which an implication for public policy of Theodore Roosevelt's view contrasts with the implication for public policy of Muir's view. c) Identify ONE specific example of land use policy in the United States from 1890 to 1945 and briefly explain how the example is consistent with the view of either Muir or Roosevelt. *Answer*a) John Muir's perspective on land use was to use it for natural resources and development of new homes to spread expansion He did not want to conserve the land, unlike Teddy Roosevelt. He only wanted to use it for economic use b) Roosevelt wanted to conserve the land not only for natural resources, but he wanted to keep them looking nice and presentable Roosevelt wanted to save the land and the trees from being tom down C) During Roosevelt's presidency, he issued a Forest Reserve Act that helped preserve the forests from destruction Roosevelt was a major advocate for the conservationist movement

Grading Rubric

A successful short-answer response accomplishes all three tasks set forth by the prompt. Each part of the prompt is worth 1 point, for a total of 3 possible points. (a) To earn the point, the response must explain one implication for public policy of John Muir's view on land use. This could include the idea that public policy should prioritize the preservation of natural landscapes in their wild state, or that development and industrialization should be limited to protect the natural environment. (b) To earn the point, the response must explain one way in which an implication for public policy of Theodore Roosevelt's view contrasts with the implication for public policy of Muir's view. This could include the idea that Roosevelt believed in the responsible use and development of natural resources for the benefit of the current generation, while Muir believed in preserving nature in its wild state. (c) To earn the point, the response must identify a specific example of land use policy in the United States from 1890 to 1945 and explain how the example is consistent with the view of either Muir or Roosevelt. This could include the establishment of national parks or wildlife refuges, which would align with Muir's view of preserving nature, or the implementation of conservation programs or policies, which would align with Roosevelt's view of responsible use of natural resources. The response must provide a reasonable explanation of how the policy example supports the views of either Muir or Roosevelt.

Score earned

*&1/3&* The student's answer would receive 1 out of 3 possible points. For part (a), the student does not earn the point because they incorrectly interpret John Muir's view on land use. Muir advocated for the preservation of natural landscapes, not their use for resources and development. For part (b), the student earns the point because they correctly contrast Roosevelt's view with Muir's, noting that Roosevelt wanted to conserve land and prevent unnecessary destruction. For part (c), the student earns the point for correctly identifying a specific land use policy during Roosevelt's presidency - the Forest Reserve Act - and explaining how it aligns with Roosevelt's conservationist views.