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The most likely reason for European success in conquering the Indian population ...

Dec 13, 2023

The most likely reason for European success in conquering the Indian population is? Most archaeologists and historians believe that the first peoples who colonized the Americas came from: What were the effects of the Columbian Exchange on Native Americans? In founding the colony of Georgia, James Oglethorpe’s primary purpose was to? The Puritans who settled New England hoped to achieve? By the early 1700s, South Carolina’s most important staple crop was what? What role did Native Americans play in British imperial wars during the 18th century? As slave society consolidated in the Chesapeake region, what happened to free blacks? What was the task system? The most famous Great Awakening revivalist minister was? Who drafted the Albany Plan of Union (1754)? Define “salutary neglect”: William Penn was a member of which religious group? Which battle was a major turning point in the American Revolution and convinced the French to form an alliance with the American colonies? Which battle guaranteed that George Washington would remain in command of the Continental military forces? The relationship between the national government and the states is called? The primary issue in dispute in Daniel Shay’s rebellion was? Great Britain responded to the Boston Tea Party with: What is the significance of the Battle of Saratoga? Which of the following was a strength of the government under the Articles of Confederation? The Whiskey Rebellion ended when what happened? In the winter of 1776-1777, Washington won important victories that improved American morale. These were located at? Which document ended the War of 1812? The Louisiana Purchase: Tecumseh was In the case McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court upheld which type of constitutional interpretation? Chief John Marshall’s greatest impact on the United States was what? Jackson’s assertion in his veto message was that the Second Bank of the United States was? The Embargo Act (1807) cut off U.S. shipping with? The concept of nullification became an issue/crisis during the 1830s when what occurred? Whose presidential administration was characterized as the “Era of Good Feelings”? Wilmot Proviso: A central element in the conquest and submission of the American Indians of the West was the? The American or “Know-Nothing” Party of the 1850s: Who advocated for the immediate and uncompensated release of all slaves held in the United States? As a result of the publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852… Why did the Mormons migrate west? The Republican Party campaign platform of 1860 called for? The faction of the Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War became known as the? The ultimate consequence of the sharecropping system for the South was? In Plessy v. Ferguson, the United States Supreme Court rule that: The primary focus of women’s reform movements in the fifty years after the CIvil War was the struggle for: The belief that the United States had a special mission to expand over the entire North American continent was known as? The First Battle of Bull Run was significant because? Who was elected president of the Confederate States of America? During the Civil War, Kansas and Missouri were: Emancipation Proclamation: The Battle of Antietam was: The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because: What two issues lay at the heart of Reconstruction?

Answer

The most likely reason for European success in conquering the Indian population is the Europeans' technological advantages and the introduction of diseases to which Native Americans had no immunity.

Key Concept

European expansion into the Western Hemisphere caused intense social/religious, political, and economic competition in Europe and the promotion of empire building. (KC-1.2.I)

Explanation

Europeans brought over diseases such as smallpox and measles, which devastated Native American populations who lacked immunity to these new illnesses. Additionally, European technological advancements in weaponry and military tactics gave them a significant advantage in conflicts.

Answer

Most archaeologists and historians believe that the first peoples who colonized the Americas came from Asia via the Bering Land Bridge.

Key Concept

The development and interaction of early agricultural, pastoral, and urban societies. (KC-1.1.I)

Explanation

During the last Ice Age, lower sea levels exposed a land bridge between Asia and North America, allowing the migration of peoples from Siberia into the Americas, where they spread and developed diverse cultures.

Answer

The effects of the Columbian Exchange on Native Americans included exposure to new diseases, which led to significant population decline, as well as changes in their agricultural practices and diets due to the introduction of new plants and animals.

Key Concept

The Columbian Exchange led to new ways of life for people in the Americas, Africa, and Europe. (KC-1.2.II)

Explanation

The Columbian Exchange refers to the transatlantic flow of goods and people, which included crops like maize, potatoes, and tomatoes from the Americas to Europe, and wheat, rice, and horses from Europe to the Americas. The exchange drastically altered the agriculture, diet, and way of life for Native Americans.

Answer

In founding the colony of Georgia, James Oglethorpe’s primary purpose was to create a buffer state to protect the Carolinas from Spanish Florida and to provide a place for the poor and indebted of England to start anew.

Key Concept

The British–American system of slavery developed out of the economic, demographic, and geographic characteristics of the British-controlled regions of the New World. (KC-2.1.III.C)

Explanation

Oglethorpe envisioned Georgia as a haven for debtors and the poor, as well as a strategic buffer against Spanish expansion from Florida. The colony initially banned slavery and limited landholdings to reduce the emergence of an aristocratic class.

Answer

The Puritans who settled New England hoped to achieve a "city upon a hill," a religious utopia that would serve as a model for Christianity and for reforming the Church of England.

Key Concept

Different European religious and ethnic groups migrated to the Americas, supporting themselves through a variety of economic activities and by forming distinct and increasingly complex societies. (KC-2.1.II)

Explanation

The Puritans sought to purify the Church of England and establish a society based on their religious principles. They believed their community would be an example for others to follow, reflecting their religious zeal and commitment to community values.

Answer

By the early 1700s, South Carolina’s most important staple crop was rice.

Key Concept

The growth of an Atlantic economy throughout the 18th century created a shared labor market and common culture among the British, Dutch, French, and Spanish colonies, with the British colonies participating in a broader Atlantic world economy. (KC-2.2.II)

Explanation

Rice cultivation in South Carolina was labor-intensive and relied heavily on the knowledge and labor of enslaved Africans, who were familiar with rice cultivation from their homelands. This crop became central to South Carolina's economy and its integration into the Atlantic trade system.

Answer

Native Americans played various roles in British imperial wars during the 18th century, often as allies or military forces for the British or French, depending on their interests and alliances.

Key Concept

The competition among the British, French, and American Indians for economic and political advantage in North America culminated in the Seven Years’ War (the French and Indian War), in which Britain defeated France and allied American Indians. (KC-2.2.III)

Explanation

Native American tribes sought to advance their interests by forming strategic alliances with European powers during imperial conflicts. Their participation could tip the balance in regional power struggles, as seen in the French and Indian War.

Answer

As slave society consolidated in the Chesapeake region, the legal, social, and economic standing of free blacks deteriorated, with many losing the right to vote, hold certain jobs, or testify against whites in court.

Key Concept

The British–American system of slavery developed out of the economic, demographic, and geographic characteristics of the British-controlled regions of the New World. (KC-2.1.III.C)

Explanation

As the institution of slavery became more entrenched, laws and social norms increasingly restricted the rights and freedoms of free blacks, reflecting the growing racialization of slavery and the desire of white society to maintain a strict racial hierarchy.

Answer

The task system was a labor system used on some plantations where enslaved people were assigned specific tasks to complete each day and had some autonomy once those tasks were completed.

Key Concept

The British–American system of slavery developed out of the economic, demographic, and geographic characteristics of the British-controlled regions of the New World. (KC-2.1.III.C)

Explanation

The task system was most common in rice-growing regions like South Carolina and Georgia. It allowed enslaved individuals a degree of control over their work pace and free time, unlike the gang system used elsewhere that required continuous labor under overseers.

Answer

The most famous Great Awakening revivalist minister was George Whitefield.

Key Concept

The presence of different European religious and ethnic groups contributed to a significant degree of pluralism and intellectual exchange, which was later enhanced by the First Great Awakening and the spread of European Enlightenment ideas. (KC-2.1.II.E)

Explanation

George Whitefield was a charismatic preacher whose dramatic sermons ignited the religious fervor of the Great Awakening across the colonies, leading to the spread of evangelicalism and challenging established religious and social norms.

Answer

Benjamin Franklin drafted the Albany Plan of Union (1754).

Key Concept

Explanation

The Albany Plan of Union was proposed by Benjamin Franklin as a way to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies, primarily for defense against the French during the French and Indian War. It was not adopted but was a significant early attempt at colonial unity.

Answer

"Salutary neglect" refers to the British policy of allowing the colonies considerable freedom in economic matters and not enforcing parliamentary laws strictly, which allowed the colonies to flourish economically and develop a degree of self-governance.

Key Concept

Throughout the 18th century, various American Indian societies successfully resisted colonization through military alliances with colonizers and other American Indian nations, and by maintaining their political and cultural autonomy. (KC-2.2.IV)

Explanation

Salutary neglect contributed to the rise of self-government in the colonies and the development of American identity, as colonists became accustomed to a high level of autonomy, which they later sought to defend.

Answer

William Penn was a member of the Quaker religious group.

Key Concept

Explanation

William Penn, a Quaker, founded Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers and other religious minorities, promoting religious tolerance and democratic principles in the colony's governance.

Answer

The Battle of Saratoga was a major turning point in the American Revolution and convinced the French to form an alliance with the American colonies.

Key Concept

The American Revolution’s democratic and republican ideals inspired new experiments with different forms of government. (KC-3.2.I)

Explanation

The American victory at Saratoga in 1777 demonstrated the viability of the Continental Army and the potential for American success, leading France to enter the war as an ally of the United States, providing crucial military support.

Answer

The Battle of Trenton guaranteed that George Washington would remain in command of the Continental military forces.

Key Concept

The American Revolution’s democratic and republican ideals inspired new experiments with different forms of government. (KC-3.2.I)

Explanation

The surprise attack and victory at Trenton on December 26, 1776, boosted morale and support for the Continental Army and solidified Washington's leadership position at a critical juncture in the war.

Answer

The relationship between the national government and the states is called federalism.

Key Concept

The Constitution emerged from the debate about the weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation as a blueprint for limited government. (KC-3.2.II)

Explanation

Federalism is the division of power between the national government and the state governments, as established by the Constitution. It reflects the founders' desire to balance power and prevent tyranny.

Answer

The primary issue in dispute in Daniel Shays’ rebellion was the economic hardship facing debt-ridden farmers, including high taxes and aggressive debt collection practices.

Key Concept

The Constitution emerged from the debate about the weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation as a blueprint for limited government. (KC-3.2.II)

Explanation

Shays' Rebellion highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, particularly the federal government's inability to maintain public order or support economic stability, leading to calls for a stronger central government.

Answer

Great Britain responded to the Boston Tea Party with the Coercive Acts, also known as the Intolerable Acts, which were punitive measures intended to assert British authority and punish the colonists.

Key Concept

The American Revolution’s democratic and republican ideals inspired new experiments with different forms of government. (KC-3.2.I)

Explanation

The Intolerable Acts included the closure of Boston Harbor, the alteration of the Massachusetts government, the allowance of British soldiers to be quartered in private homes, and the protection of officials accused of crimes from being tried in Massachusetts. These acts galvanized colonial opposition to British rule.

Answer

The significance of the Battle of Saratoga is that it was a turning point in the American Revolution, leading to French recognition and support of the American cause.

Key Concept

The American Revolution’s democratic and republican ideals inspired new experiments with different forms of government. (KC-3.2.I)

Explanation

The American victory at Saratoga convinced France that the United States had a chance of winning the war, leading to the Franco-American Alliance of 1778, which provided the Americans with military aid and support.

Answer

A strength of the government under the Articles of Confederation was its ability to negotiate the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Revolutionary War and recognized American independence.

Key Concept

The Constitution emerged from the debate about the weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation as a blueprint for limited government. (KC-3.2.II)

Explanation

Despite its weaknesses, the government under the Articles of Confederation successfully managed foreign affairs during the war, culminating in the Treaty of Paris in 1783.

Answer

The Whiskey Rebellion ended when President George Washington led a militia force to the area and the rebels dispersed without any significant conflict.

Key Concept

The Constitution emerged from the debate about the weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation as a blueprint for limited government. (KC-3.2.II)

Explanation

Washington's response to the Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated the new national government's ability to suppress internal unrest and enforce federal laws, establishing federal authority over the states.

Answer

In the winter of 1776-1777, Washington won important victories that improved American morale at the battles of Trenton and Princeton.

Key Concept

The American Revolution’s democratic and republican ideals inspired new experiments with different forms of government. (KC-3.2.I)

Explanation

These victories were crucial for the Continental Army's survival and morale, as they demonstrated the possibility of success against the British and inspired more men to join the cause.

Answer

The document that ended the War of 1812 was the Treaty of Ghent.

Key Concept

The United States began to develop a modern democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while Americans sought to define the nation’s democratic ideals and change their society and institutions to match them. (KC-4.1.I)

Explanation

The Treaty of Ghent, signed in December 1814, ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. It restored prewar boundaries but did not address the issues of impressment or neutral shipping rights that had contributed to the war.

Answer

The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States, removed France as a colonial presence on the continent, and opened up vast tracts of land for future American expansion.

Key Concept

The new republic struggled with the transition from a colonial commercial economy to an independent agrarian republic, compounded by ongoing conflict with Native Americans and European powers. (KC-4.1.II)

Explanation

The purchase of Louisiana from France in 1803 provided the United States with control of the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans, both vital for western trade and expansion.

Answer

Tecumseh was a Shawnee leader who, along with his brother Tenskwatawa, sought to unite various Native American tribes in a confederation to resist the encroachment of American settlers on their lands.

Key Concept

The United States continued to face challenges at home and abroad, as new political parties emerged, regions developed distinct economies and cultures, and calls for reform abounded. (KC-4.2.II)

Explanation

Tecumseh's efforts to create a Native American confederation represented a significant resistance movement against U.S. expansion and the loss of Native American lands.

Answer

In the case McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court upheld the broad interpretation of the Constitution, specifically the implied powers of the federal government and the supremacy of federal laws over state laws.

Key Concept

The Constitution emerged from the debate about the weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation as a blueprint for limited government. (KC-3.2.II)

Explanation

The Supreme Court's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland in 1819 affirmed the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States and established the principle that states could not interfere with federal institutions within their borders.

Answer

Chief Justice John Marshall’s greatest impact on the United States was his establishment of the principle of judicial review and his contributions to the definition and strengthening of the federal government's power.

Key Concept

The Constitution emerged from the debate about the weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation as a blueprint for limited government. (KC-3.2.II)

Explanation

Through landmark Supreme Court cases such as Marbury v. Madison, Marshall's decisions laid the foundation for the judiciary's role in American government and the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

Answer

Jackson’s assertion in his veto message was that the Second Bank of the United States was unconstitutional, too powerful, and not accountable to the people.

Key Concept

The United States continued to face challenges at home and abroad, as new political parties emerged, regions developed distinct economies and cultures, and calls for reform abounded. (KC-4.2.II)

Explanation

President Andrew Jackson's veto of the recharter of the Second Bank of the United States in 1832 reflected his belief in a limited federal government and his support for the common man against what he perceived as elite institutions.

Answer

The Embargo