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Questions 3–5 are based on the following passage: “Asked what causes or motives...

Oct 9, 2023

Questions 3–5 are based on the following passage: “Asked what causes or motives the said Indian rebels had for renouncing the law of God and obedience to his Majesty, and for committing so many kinds of crimes, [Josephe answered] the causes they have were alleged ill treatment and injuries received from [Spanish authorities], because they beat them, took away what they had, and made them work without pay. Thus he replies. “Asked if he has learned if it has come to his notice during the time that he has been here the reason why the apostates burned the images, churches, and things pertaining to divine worship, making a mockery and a trophy of them, killing the priests and doing the other things they did, he said that he knows and had heard it generally stated that while they were besieging the villa the rebellious traitors burned the church and shouted in loud voices, ‘Now the God of the Spaniards, who was their father, is dead, and Santa Maria, who was their mother, and the saints, who were pieces of rotten wood,’ saying that only their own god lived. . . . The captains and the chiefs ordered that the names of Jesus and Mary should nowhere be uttered. . . . He has seen many houses of idolatry which they have built, dancing the dance of the cachina [part of a traditional Indian religious ceremony], which this declarant has also danced. Thus he replies to the question.” —Account of questioning of Josephe, a Spanish-speaking Pueblo Indian, by Spanish authorities following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 (1681) 3. The events described by Josephe in the account above reflect (A).adaptation by American Indians to European cultural practices. (B). resistance by American Indians to Spanish colonial practices. (C) the high rate of intermarriage between American Indians and Spaniards in the New World. (D) conflict among American Indian groups as a result of displacement and relocation by Spanish colonial forces. 4. The testimony of Josephe indicates that the Pueblo Indians (A). were thoroughly Christianized by 1680.(B) practiced nonviolent means of protest.(C)targeted symbols of Spanish culture as well as the Spanish political and economic system.(D)traded extensively with the Spanish but resented heavy taxes imposed on trade. 5. Which of the following trends occurred in the aftermath of the events described in the account? (A)Spanish colonizing efforts in North America in the late 1600s and 1700s saw an accommodation with some aspects of American Indian culture. (B)Spanish military actions and disease wiped out the American Indian populations in Spanish North America. (C)Spanish forces, having been defeated by the Pueblo Indians, abandoned all land claims in North America by 1700. (D)Spain and Great Britain formed an alliance to establish European control over North America.

Key Concept

KC-1.2.II.C: European expansion into the Western Hemisphere caused intense social/religious, political, and economic competition in Europe and the promotion of empire building.

Explanation

The account describes the Pueblo Indians' resistance to Spanish colonial practices, including their rejection of Christianity and Spanish authority, and their return to traditional religious practices. This is a clear example of resistance to European colonialism. 4.

Key Concept

KC-1.2.II.C: European expansion into the Western Hemisphere caused intense social/religious, political, and economic competition in Europe and the promotion of empire building.

Explanation

The testimony of Josephe indicates that the Pueblo Indians targeted symbols of Spanish culture, such as the church and the images of Jesus and Mary, as well as the Spanish political and economic system, as evidenced by their rebellion and the burning of the church. 5.

Key Concept

KC-1.2.II.D: The Columbian Exchange brought new crops to Europe from the Americas, stimulating European population growth, and new sources of mineral wealth, which facilitated the European shift from feudalism to capitalism.

Explanation

After the Pueblo Revolt, Spanish colonizing efforts in North America saw an accommodation with some aspects of American Indian culture. This is reflected in the Spanish policy of allowing some Pueblo Indians to return to their traditional religious practices and self-governance, while still under Spanish control.

What were the causes of the Pueblo Revolt?, How did the Pueblo Indians resist Spanish colonial practices?, What was the aftermath of the Pueblo Revolt?